Melanoma is the most serious form of skin cancer. However, if it is
recognized and treated early, it is nearly 100 percent curable. But if
it is not, the cancer can advance and spread to other parts of the
body, where it becomes hard to treat and can be fatal. While it is
not the most common of the skin cancers, it causes the most deaths.
The American Cancer Society estimates that in 2007, there will be 8,110
fatalities, 5,220 in men and 2,800 in women in the U.S. The number of
new cases of melanoma is estimated at 59,940; of these, 33,910 will be
in men and 26,030 in women.
Melanoma is a malignant tumor that originates in melanocytes, the cells which produce the pigment melanin
that colors our skin, hair, and eyes. The majority of melanomas are
black or brown. However, some melanomas are skin-colored, pink, red,
purple, blue or white.
Am I at Risk?
Everyone is at some risk for melanoma, but increased risk depends on several factors: sun exposure, number of moles on the skin, skin type and family history (genetics).
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Sun exposure
Both UVA and UVB
rays are dangerous to the skin, and can induce skin cancer, including
melanoma. Blistering sunburns in early childhood increase risk, but
cumulative exposure also is a factor. People who live in locations that
get more sunlight — like Florida, Hawaii, and Australia — get more skin
cancer. Avoid using a tanning booth or tanning bed, since it increases your exposure to UV rays, increasing your risk of developing melanoma and other skin cancers. -
Moles
There
are two kinds of moles: normal moles — the small brown blemishes,
growths, or "beauty marks" that appear in the first few decades of life
in almost everyone — and atypical moles, also known as dysplastic nevi. Regardless of type, the more moles you have, the greater your risk for melanoma. -
Skin Type
As with all skin cancers, people with fairer skin are at increased risk. You can read more about skin type and risk here. -
Family History
About
one in every ten patients diagnosed with the disease has a family
member with a history of melanoma. If your mother, father, siblings or
children have had a melanoma, you are in a melanoma-prone family. Each
person with a first-degree relative diagnosed with melanoma has a 50
percent greater chance of developing the disease than people who do not
have a family history. If the cancer occurred in a grandmother,
grandfather, aunt, uncle, niece or nephew, there is still an increase
in risk, although it is not as great. Read more on family history, below. -
Personal History
Once you have had melanoma, you run an increased chance of recurrence. Also, people who have or had basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma are at increased risk for developing melanoma. -
Weakened Immune System
Compromised
immune systems as the result of chemotherapy, an organ
transplant, excessive sun exposure, and diseases such as HIV/AIDS or
lymphoma can increase your risk of melanoma.
If you are in any of these risk groups, you can protect yourself and your children by practicing safe sun habits, remembering to examine yourself regularly, watching for the warning signs and getting yearly exams by a dermatologist or other physician experienced in skin care.